Posts Tagged ‘Early childhood development’

Busting the Binky Habit

Monday, October 17th, 2011

You may cringe when you think about ending your child’s “binky” or pacifier-sucking habit. According to the American Dental Association (ADA), “sucking is one of an infant’s natural reflexes. They begin to suck on their thumbs or other fingers while they are in the womb… Placing a thumb or another finger [or an object] in the mouth provides some children with a sense of security during difficult periods, such as when they are separated from their parents, surrounded by strangers or in an unfamiliar environment.”

However, as the ADA and most pediatricians in the U.S. will also point out, a prolonged sucking habit may cause problems with healthy growth of the mouth and roof of the mouth, as well as alignment of teeth. For these reasons, as well as the obvious social ones as your child gets older, it’s best to try to break the habit as early as possible. Most pediatricians will encourage stopping by age two, and many children will break the habit on their own between the ages of two and four.

To discourage your child’s habit, consider the following tips:

  • Start by letting your child know that a binky is only to be used at bedtime and naptime. Give your child the responsibility of making sure that the binky is stored on her pillow or nightstand each time she wakes up.
  • Peer pressure may encourage preschool-age children to break the habit at naptime while at school. Use this opportunity to encourage the elimination of a binky during naptime on weekends.
  • Don’t put too much pressure on your child to pass up the binky. This may cause anxiety and can actually make it more difficult for your child to kick the habit. But, DO encourage every positive step in the process.
  • Consider that sucking may occur when your child is feeling insecure. Comfort your child, address the stressor and try to resolve or redirect. Reward her when she avoids sucking during stressful situations.
  • Ask your child’s dentist to talk with her while at six-month checkups. Believe it or not, for older toddlers and preschoolers, sometimes this is all it takes!
  • When all else fails, you may want to consider the “Binky-Fairy”! Cuddle up with your child during a comfy, quiet, low-key time and break out your most creative skills to tell your child a story of the Binky-, Button- or Pacie-Fairy who collects pacifiers from children who are ready to be “big-girls” and “big-boys.” Let your child know that when she is ready, she can pack up her pacifiers to trade to the Fairy for a very special reward. Mention the Fairy on a regular basis—keep it fun, positive and low-pressure—and most importantly, let the decision about when she is ready be hers to make. You may be surprised how quickly your child is ready to make the trade!

At The Goddard School, parents receive Daily Activity Reports to provide ongoing communication about the experiences their child has at school each day. The Daily Activity Reports allow for informed, open conversations among our teachers and parents and, more importantly, between parents and their child.

Studies have shown that when a parent discusses their child’s day with him or her, their child feels the importance of their place in the world, develops self-worth and builds self-esteem. It’s also been discovered that reviewing and discussing a child’s day allows information to move from short-term memory to long-term memory, a great way to extend their learning experience at home!

Media Use by Young Children

Monday, October 3rd, 2011

Remember when the American Academy of Pediatrics issued its recommendation five years ago that children two and under should not watch any television, and that children over two should limit exposure to two hours per day? Many parents seemed as reassured by this advice as they were confused. How could such an esteemed organization give advice that was “so out of touch with real American family life,” as one mother commented to the evening news? In those five years, children’s media appetites have hardly slackened. In fact, ‘screen time’ has eclipsed ‘TV watching’ as the name for such activities, given the plethora of devices on which real or animated moving and talking figures can now inform, distract, stimulate and baby-sit our young. So what is a parent to do?

An enlightening new study by the Joan Ganz Cooney Center and Sesame Workshop,, “Always Connected: Young Children’s Media Use is On the Rise (March 2011),” tells us what parents are actually doing. It seems like many parents don’t know about the guidelines anymore, given that the majority of parents ignore them.   They may feel a need to ‘plug the kids into something besides me [i.e. the parent],’ or they turn a deaf ear because they feel that media exposure stimulates intellectual growth and development or they feel that ‘it’s something the world will expect my kid to be able to use, so the earlier the better.’ The report goes on:

  • For the time being, television remains the favorite medium.  90% of the average families sampled with children over five had kids who were regular, even enthusiastic, viewers. They watched an average of three hours per day.
  • Media use by young children ranges across a variety of platforms. 80% of sampled kids five and under are on the internet at least once a week and slightly less than half of all six-years-olds regularly play video games.
  • Media multitasking is growing quickly, with over a third of two- to eleven-year-olds using the television and the internet simultaneously (sound familiar?).
  • These usage patterns are likely to change, given that four of the top five electronic devices owned by children are mobile platforms.

So, back to that question of what is a parent to do, given that the expert advice out there seems not to have kept pace? [Keep your eyes open for some fresh guidelines from NAEYC on this topic coming to its website this year – maybe they WILL have kept pace].

  • If you want your kids to play imaginatively (great pre-literacy foundation!), keep the playthings away from the screen. University of Massachusetts researchers found that toddler play erodes and disorganizes when TV is on.
  • Keep the media diet balanced.  Print materials, screen devices, video games and DVDs should be rotated and refreshed (if not occasionally ‘lost’). Think of nutrition’s representation of a healthy, balanced diet. The food pyramid evokes positive images of a ‘media pyramid.
  • The best way to use the positive impact of TV (yes, there is one and this is it) is to engage parent-child pairs in co-viewing programming that stimulates learning and delight with the use of humor and playfulness (not silliness), novel topics and perspectives. This prevents the use of TV as a baby-sitter, but that’s the point. There is no stand-in for you, or the delight that you take, in your child’s growth and health.

Toddlers and the Word “No”

Thursday, August 4th, 2011

With your toddler asserting a newly discovered feeling of independence, you may find yourself at your wits’ end. Tasks that were once a piece of cake—from buckling a car seat, brushing teeth and getting dressed to grocery shopping and mealtimes—can be a big production these days. Now that your child is testing the waters of freedom—getting bigger, stronger, faster, and simultaneously discovering the word “No!”—you might wonder how to regain control. Consider these tips for guiding your child toward good behavior.

Prepare your child in advance by listing each step. Instead of asking, “Are you ready to go home?” use a happy but firm tone to say, “First, we’re going to walk to the car. Remember to hold my hand. Next, I will help you climb into your seat. Then, I will need your help buckling the seat belt.”

Allow your child feel as if they have some control of their world. Instead of, “What do you want to wear to today?” try, “Would you like to wear the blue shirt or the orange shirt?” Instead of, “What do you want for breakfast? try, “Would you like oatmeal or eggs for breakfast?”

Reward good behavior. When your child has cooperated, let them know how pleased you are. “Great job! Thank you for helping me buckle you in! It’s so important to wear your seat belt. Now I will get in and buckle my seat belt just like you!” and, “Great choice! Oatmeal is really yummy and will help keep your tummy full until snack time!”

Choose your battles. While it is critical to not give in on some things (seat belt use, holding hands when crossing a street, etc.), sometimes you have to pick your battles. If your child refuses to get dressed, sometimes you just need to call it a pajama day—easy to do on a day off! If she refuses her meat and veggies at dinner time, don’t make it a big issue. She’ll eat when she is hungry. Just continue to put healthy, well-balanced choices on her plate or tray at each meal and eventually she’ll try them.

How do you guide your child toward good behavior?

What Our Children Teach Us

Friday, July 15th, 2011

Infant Girl ClappingOur children come to us with a fresh look at life, full of uniqueness, purity and innocence. Each and every day, our children take joy in learning from us—not just the big life lessons, but the nuances, too. As grown-ups, we often rush through life, caught up in day to day tasks. In a blink, babies become preschoolers, and before we know it we’ll be cheering for them at their high school graduation.

Consider what our children can teach us, or remind us of, if we only let them. Our children can remind us what love is—true, unconditional love. They can remind us what it means to really apologize, to not just say “I’m sorry,” but to mean it. They can remind us what pure, raw emotion is—happiness, in its most genuine form, and sadness, too. They can remind us to look for joy in the smallest places. They can remind us to laugh and to laugh often—it lowers stress and it’s good for the soul.

What does your child teach you?

Practical Steps for Language Development

Wednesday, April 27th, 2011
  • If your child is not talkative, pay close attention.  Quiet toddlers mean something with their quietness.  Is your child engaged in work, needing to remain verbally still to focus her effort?  Are they not enthusiastic enough about conversation in general?  Are you?  Are they temperamentally quiet?  Are you doing too much talking, or not enough?  Get yourself to think about it.  It generally helps quiet kids to gently encourage them to converse.  Humor is especially helpful for the shy ones, but never mock or shame their attempts at speech.
  • Reading - Infant & Teacher AFollow your toddler’s lead, and get on his bandwagon when he’s on a roll.  Narrate the scene and describe his own behavior back to him; “Sam loves to…,” or “Sam is sad his Mommy has to leave…,” or “Sam is so happy to play with his blocks.”  Don’t overdo, but do.  It shows your toddler that you understand him and appreciate his inner world, not just his blue eyes.  Soon enough it will be dialogue.
  • Funny as early speech may sound, don’t exploit the humor of it at your child’s expense.  Whenever a new skill emerges, it is at its most raw and tender (remember your first public poetry recital?).  Stuttering and stammering are normal when children are learning to speak.  Treat early language with the respect it deserves.  It has taken tremendous effort to get here.  Say it back correctly if you figure out what it is, but don’t “correct” too much.  Be patient.  She won’t be saying much if her first words always are being corrected.
  • Allow quiet play.  This may seem paradoxical when language is the goal, but rest and reflection that are restorative and interesting become important when so much effort is being expended in new skill.
  • Talk about your own feelings and how they got that way in a simple and straightforward manner.  Children who have never heard their parents talking about how or what they are feeling on a day-to-day basis face an uphill climb to develop useful understandings about language and emotion.  Say things like, “I felt happy to get that nice letter from Grandma…” or “It scared me when the truck got so close.”  Simple, clear, and to the point.  The feeling in your voice will capture your toddler’s interest, so don’t be too surprised to see her staring at you at first.  It gives her the words to match the emotion she reads in you and will eventually identify in herself.
  • Read, read, and read some more.  To them, to yourself, to each other.  Then talk about what you read.  It is the organic garden where new words grow.

Words do more than communicate thoughts and facts.  They allow us to organize and categorize those thoughts and facts – just as numbering systems allow us to do arithmetic after we’ve run out of fingers and toes to count on, or file names let us access previous work on a particular topic.

Infant & Teacher B

Children weeks old begin to bubble and coo, then move to squeals and squeaks, then repetitive tongue and lip movements, all in a fairly predictable sequence.  As children age, they spend a fair amount of time experimenting and playing with sounds.

They play with giggles, cooing, wailing, grunting, moaning, bubble blowing on their way to their first word, just as they play with their feet or body parts on their way to sitting up, crawling, and walking.  The pleasure gained in the mastery of sounds helps drive development forward.  Be honest.  You know those sounds are fun to make because you mimic them just to see that little face light up.

While infants begin uttering sounds for the sheer delight of doing so, they won’t attach meaning to those sounds until around 12 months.  Once this happens, children discover the power of words to cause action – saying “Mama” is likely to bring Mom to the scene.  Children also discover that words can call forth mental images of the people or things the words mean – saying or thinking “Mama” will bring up a mental picture of Mom.  Such images can be very comforting to a child when Mom isn’t physically present, such as at bedtime.  Most parents are familiar with children’s nighttime chants, a mix of words, syllables that call up images of the child’s world that are temporarily out of sight when the lights go out.  While the uttered name may not magically or instantly produce Mom, the mental image or picture attached to the name provides important comfort until she actually appears.

Anxiety is Part of Learning

Tuesday, April 19th, 2011

Worries can be powerful partners in helping a child think about the world, as long as they don’t swell to flood stage and wash away the child’s coping strategies.  If a child’s worries are kept to a manageable size, especially with the help of a caregiver and a few tools, they can be effective catalysts to the mastery of learning and thinking.

Girl Smiling AChildren need to learn to manage negative emotions, and to do that, they need to experience them from time-to-time at manageable levels.  The anxiety-free child is a fantasy.  Anxiety is an important warning signal for potential danger.  Mastering both the anxiety and the thing or event that provoked it is a powerful learning experience.

Humor and light-hearted joking around are other powerful allies in managing anxiety, and toddlers especially delight in their growing capacity to make use of it.  They experiment with practical jokes by playing on their own vulnerabilities, like drooling food, falling down, or putting clothes on backwards.  The raucous laughter they exhibit and elicit through their clowning is not simply entertainment, but exploration of new strategies for controlling the world of emotion around them.

Make Bath Time a Blast

Tuesday, April 12th, 2011

Has your young preschooler become less than cooperative at bath time? Turn taxing tub time into clean, shiny fun!

  • To rinse suds from soapy hair, ask your preschooler lay down in the tub and “swish like a fish!” Or, use a small watering can to “water” your little flower as she looks up at the “sky” to avoid soap in the eyes.
  • Remove, dry and store the toys your tot has tired of and repurpose household items into fun new tub toys. The sippy cup your child has outgrown, measuring cups or spoons all make for great entertainment in the tub—watch as your child “pretends” these items into sea creatures or experiments to see whether they sink or float.
  • Consider replacing the “baby towels” with “big kid” towels. Many are available with ears, fins or antennae, encouraging your “baby beluga” to dry off and swim into his pjs, or your “bunny” to hop over for a bedtime story. And, don’t forget bath time “puppets”—these little terrycloth helpers can make soaping up a blast!

Has your young toddler started carrying around a favorite stuffed animal or blankie? Their attachment to this beloved object is normal—and can even be helpful! These “lovies” allow your little one to soothe him or herself in stressful moments and provide comfort or courage. The feeling of security is so important for a child during the transitional time of toddlerhood.

Just what is the magic behind the tattered blankie, soft pup-pup or fuzzy little froggy? These lovies help our toddlers to control their insecurities or frustrations. Many children select a lovey that is soft, comforting and calming for them to rub, cuddle or hug when mommy or daddy may not be readily available. Some may pick a lovey that reminds them of mommy or daddy. And, some may choose a lovey that seems completely odd to parents, but makes perfect sense to them in their unique and magical toddler world.

But, once your little one has become smitten—you know, the “won’t leave the house without it” kind of smitten—consider picking up a “stunt double.” If your lovey is machine washable, switch them out each week so they wear evenly. Set limits as to when the lovey can accompany your child to reduce the chance of it getting lost: “It is ok for Pup-pup to come to School, but he must stay in the cubby except during naptime,” or “Froggy can ride with us to the supermarket, but must wait in the car while we shop.”